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IBM's CP/CMS, the first systems to allow full virtualization, implemented time sharing by providing each user with a single-user operating system, the Conversational Monitor System (CMS). In some respects, a system virtual machine can be considered a generalization of the concept of virtual memory that historically preceded it. The desire to run multiple operating systems was the initial motive for virtual machines, so as to allow time-sharing among several single-tasking operating systems. A host can emulate several guests, each of which can emulate different operating systems and hardware platforms. The physical, 'real-world' hardware running the VM is generally referred to as the 'host', and the virtual machine emulated on that machine is generally referred to as the 'guest'. See also: Hardware virtualization and comparison of platform virtualization softwareĪ 'virtual machine' was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as 'an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real computer machine.' Current use includes virtual machines that have no direct correspondence to any real hardware. The terms are not universally interchangeable. Operating-system-level virtualization allows the resources of a computer to be partitioned via the kernel. Some virtual machine emulators, such as QEMU and video game console emulators, are designed to also emulate (or 'virtually imitate') different system architectures thus allowing execution of software applications and operating systems written for another CPU or architecture. Process virtual machines are designed to execute computer programs in a platform-independent environment.

Modern hypervisors use hardware-assisted virtualization, virtualization-specific hardware, primarily from the host CPUs. A hypervisor uses native execution to share and manage hardware, allowing for multiple environments which are isolated from one another, yet exist on the same physical machine. They provide functionality needed to execute entire operating systems. System virtual machines (also termed full virtualization VMs) provide a substitute for a real machine.Virtual machines differ and are organized by their function, shown here: Their implementations may involve specialized hardware, software, or a combination. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and provide functionality of a physical computer. In computing, a virtual machine ( VM) is the virtualization/ emulation of a computer system.

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